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Supercapacitors are produced by the confrontation effect of charges caused by the alignment of electrons or ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface. When an electric field is applied to the two electrodes, the anions and cations in the solution migrate to the positive and negative electrodes, respectively, forming an electric double layer on the surface of the electrodes; after the electric field is removed, the positive and negative charges on the electrodes are the same as the oppositely charged ions in the electrolyte. The electric double layer is stabilized by attracting each other, and a relatively stable potential difference is generated between the positive and negative electrodes. At this time, for a certain electrode, an opposite ion charge that can be equal to the charge on the electrode will be generated within a certain distance (dispersion layer) to keep it electrically neutral; when the two electrodes are connected to the external circuit, the The charge transfer II generates current in the external circuit. The ions in the electrolyte migrate into the solution to be electrically neutral, which is the charging and discharging principle of the electric double layer capacitor.
